Effect of Core Stability Training on Dynamic Balance in Healthy Young Adults – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Co- Author: Annama Varghese
Background: Balance is a key component of normal daily activities. Therefore, it is necessary to find various programs to improve balance. The core functions to maintain postural alignment and balance during functional activities. The purpose was to study the effects of the core stability training on dynamic balance in healthy, young adults. Methods: It was an interventional study, in which 60 healthy young adults were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each, one being experimental group and other control group. Measurement of their height, weight, BMI and leg length was taken. Subjects in both the groups were assessed for core stability with pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) and dynamic balance using Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) pre and post intervention. Subjects in the experimental group underwent progressive core stability training program for six weeks (3days/week) and control group was refrained from any type of structured training program. Results: There was statistically significant improvement in core stability and dynamic balance of the experimental group after six weeks of intervention. Conclusion: It is concluded that core stability training of six weeks duration is effective in improving dynamic balance in healthy, young adults. Key words: core stability, dynamic balance, star excursion balance test, pressure biofeedback unit.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN EXERCISING AND NON-EXERCISING INSTITUTIONALISED ELDERLY
Corresponding author: Ankita Thakur
Introduction: Aging is a very complex process leading to decline in the body’s physiological systems and physical fitness. Change in lifestyle and bodily adaptations are expected in community dwelling and institutionalized elderly individuals because of the difference in their demands. This study has been undertaken to understand their Fitness and Quality of life (QOL)
Methodology: A sample size of 30 institutionalized elderly included 15 exercising and nonexercising each. Physical fitness and QOL were assessed using Senior Fitness Test (SFT) and Older People’s QOL Questionnaire respectively.
Results: There was a significant difference in upper body strength and flexibility (p value = 0.0418; p value = 0.0481 respectively), 2 minute step test (p value = 0.0471), QOL (p value = 0.0153) which was better in exercising group.
Conclusion: The study suggests that upper body strength and flexibility, aerobic endurance and QOL are better in exercising as compared to non-exercising institutionalized elderly.
CORRELATION OF BODY MASS INDEX WITH FOOT POSTURE AND CORE STABILITY IN THE YOUNG ADULT POPULATION
Corresponding author: Zeba Barodawala
Introduction: Obesity causes various systemic diseases and musculoskeletal impairments. Increasing body adiposity causes an increase in loading of the joints leading to degeneration, pain. Core muscles are responsible for stability and balance; weak core musculature makes the body more prone to injury. Aim: To correlate body mass index with foot posture and core stability in the young adult population Methodology: Cross-sectional study wherein 40 subjects were taken fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Body mass index was calculated first, following which foot posture was assessed using the Foot Posture Index. Core stability was assessed using time to failure prone plank test. Results: There was a positive correlation of BMI with both left and right feet (p-value=0.0064, pvalue= 0.0299) respectively. Also there was a significant correlation between BMI and core stability (p-value=0.0376) Conclusion: There was a correlation between BMI and foot posture as well as a correlation between BMI and core stability in the young adult population.
Influence of bilateral trapezius muscle pain on jaw opening in young adult females: A Pilot Study.
Co- Authors: Aanchal Jain, Anjali Puntambekar
Background: Neck pain is the most common cause of absenteeism from work following back pain. There is a higher prevalence of it among women than men. Trapezius muscle pain is majorly found in individuals who are required to keep their head stable for longer periods i.e. desk job workers, drivers, students, etc .This pain sometimes spreads to the temporomandibular system (TMS) and affects its functions. Thus, the aim of the study is to assess one of the functions of the TMS i.e. mouth opening in the study and control group Materials and methods: Study included two groups(N=60), study group(n=30) and control group (n=30) with trapezius muscle pain and asymptomatic individuals respectively in the age group of 19-35 years females.They were assessed for temporomandibular joint opening using Vernier calliper; and numerical pain rating scale(NRPS), rheobase for quantifying trapezius muscle pain. Mouth opening in two groups were compared.In the study group, NRPS and rheobase values were correlated with mouth opening. Results: There was a significant difference in the mouth opening between the study group 37.3 mm (± 0.48) and control group 41.7mm (± 0.4) with p value 0.000514. In the study group, there was negative correlation of numerical pain rating scale values 6.3 (±1.2) with mouth opening 37.3mm (± 0.48) with r= -0.25 and p=0.55; and a weak positive correlation of rheobase 2.37mA (± 0.31) with mouth opening 37.3mm (± 0.48) with r = 0.11 and p=0.17 Conclusion: The current study concluded that, there is a reduction of mouth opening in individuals with trapezius muscle pain than in asymptomatic individuals. There is also a weak positive correlation of rheobase with mouth opening and a negative correlation of NRPS with mouth opening.
Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Gross-Hand Dexterity in Young Adults
Co- Authors: Anjali Puntambekar, Dhvani Vora
Background:Smartphone has become an integral part of everyday life for educational and recreational purpose. A smartphone is used for playing games, internet surfing, watching movies, communicating, etc. This has lead to increased severity and prevalence of smartphone addiction among teenagers, adolescents, and young adults. Evidence points to various pathophysiological changes in upper extremity due to repetitive and continuous usage of smartphone for longer durations.Thus, this study aims to compare the effect of smartphone addiction on gross-hand dexterity in young adults. Materials and methods:160 young adults within the age group of 18-35 years were asked to fill the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). Based on the scores calculated, they were classified as having mild, moderate and severe smartphone addiction. 20 subjects for each group (n=20) were randomly selected and were assessed for grosshand dexterity using the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test on dominant as well as the non-dominant side (N=60). The subtests used were Placing test, Turning test and One-hand turning and placing test.
Results:Data was analyzed using GraphPad Instat3 software. On comparing the group means, it was observed that the severely addicted group took the longest time to complete the tests, followed by mildly addicted group and then moderately addicted group. However, the difference in means was not statistically significant.For the placing test [Group means (in seconds):severe(181.00+19.593) >mild (177.85+16.878)>moderately (175.40+16.627)], the p-value was 0.7005 on dominant side and 0.0550 on the non-dominant side[Group means:severe(200.50+22.360)> mild(191.45+14.848)> moderate (184.80+ 22.353)]. The p-value was 0.1543 for the turning test[Group means:severe (155.25+21.584) > mild (146.70+19.377)> moderate (144.20+19.339)]. For one-hand turning and placing test, the p-value was 0.0890 on dominant side[Group means on dominant side: severe (218.00+23.231) > mild (206.500+24.958) ~ moderate (206.25+17.168)] and 0.1568 on non-dominant side[Group means on the non-dominant side: severe (244.15+26.664) >mildly (235.35+19.885)>moderately (229.20+25.757)].Conclusion:The current study indicates that the group means of severely addicted individuals is more than mildly and moderately addicted groups, however, the difference between the group means is not statistically significant.
Physical Fitness and Quality Of Life in Exercising V/S Non Exercising Community Dwelling Elderly
Co- Authors: Manisha Sarode, Anjali Puntambekar
Background: Ageing is progressive generalized impairment of physiological, psychological functioning of the body resulting in loss of adaptive responses to external and internal stresses leading to increased risk of age associated diseases.Thus it is essential to maintain physical fitness and quality of life at optimum level in elderly. The fitness level and quality of life were evaluated by using senior fitness test and quality of life questionnaire. The senior fitness test includes six components which were upper body strength and flexibility, lower limb strength and flexibility, agility and cardiopulmonary endurance. All of these components are performed by elderly in there day to day life. Method: Two groups were selected (N = 40) which included 20 individuals from the exercising and 20 from non-exercising. Their fitness level and quality of life were evaluated using senior fitness test (SFT) and quality of life questionnaire which has six components to assess upper body strength and flexibility, lower body strength and flexibility, 8 foot up and go test, 2 minute step test. Results: Comparison of SFT components and quality of life was made by using unpaired t-test and MannWhitney test. Analysis of the data showed significant difference in upper body strength (p-0.0189), lower body flexibility (p-0.0191), 2 minute step test (p-0.0012) and quality of life (p-0.0315) which was better in exercising elderly than non exercising elderly. Also upper body flexibility (p-0.0807), lower body strength (p-0.0988), agility (p-0.0848) was better in non exercising elderly though was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Exercising elderly showed better upper body strength, lower body flexibility, cardio respiratory endurance and quality of life in comparison to non exercising elderly of the same age group and gender. Regular exercises have positive impact on functional, physical independence and quality of life in elderly
Osteoarthritis is a most common reason of joint disability over 45 years of age. It is the main cause of dysfunction in most countries around the world. Depending on functional activity limitations, an effective comprehensive rehabilitation program can be planned for the management of OA knee. Therefore, this study was conducted to know functional activity limitations in an Indian lifestyle. This cross- sectional study included 499 individuals who met inclusion criteria. It was conducted for 4 months in outpatient department of tertiary care hospital. The level of difficulty in sixteen chosen activities suitable mainly for Indian lifestyle was assessed. Analysis of data showed that sit to stand, getting in and out of the bed, sitting on the floor and getting up, cross sitting, climbing down stairs and sitting for a long time are the activities which are severely affected. Household chores and travelling via public transport are activities which are less affected mainly in people who follow Indian lifestyle.
Assessment of quality of life in community dwelling Geriatrics
Co- Authors: Yardi Sujata, Phadke Shweta
Background: Aging of population is a significant product of demographic transition. India is in a phase of this demographic transition. The increasing number of older people with higher expectations of a “good health” within society and with their high demand for health and social care has lead to international interest in the enhancement & measurement of Quality of life in older people.
Objectives: To assess quality of life in geriatrics under four domains and to find the most affected domain.
To assess the most affected component in each domain.
To compare the affection of various domains in young old, middle old and old old age group.
To assess limitations in different areas of life due to health problems.
Method: Design Survey study
Study population: 50 people, community dwelling above the age of 60 yrs were taken for the study.
Study factors: Basic demographic data, pre-validated questionnaire tailored to Indian population was used to assess quality of life in community dwelling geriatrics. It composed of four domains namely Physical, Psychological, Social and Environmental domains. There were 26 items with simple option of yes/no to each item. Data was collected by direct method and represented through bar and pie diagram.
Results: Our study shows that: Physical domain (42.5%) was most affected and the Social domain (9.33%) was the least affected.
The component in the physical domain i.e. the need for elderly to take medical treatment to function in their daily life was most affected (76%).In psychological domain majority of people had feelings like depression, anxiety or mood swings (42%). The component of being dependent or feeling of being a burden on people is found to be the most affected (12%) in social domain. The feeling of not being safe in daily life was the component which was most affected (28%) in environmental domain.
The affection of various domains increased as age advances.
It was also found that because of the HEALTH PROBLEMS the most affected area of life was the ability of the elderly to go for vacations and outings independently.
Conclusion: Physical domain is the most affected domain among the elderly population. The most affected component in physical domain is the need of some medical treatment to function in daily life, psychological domain is the feelings like depression, anxiety and mood swings, in social domain is being dependent or a feeling of being a burden on society and in environmental domain is feeling safe in daily life. The various domains were most affected in old old age group and least affected in young old age group. Health problems interfere most with the ability of going out for vacations and outings in elderly people.
ASSESSMENT AND COMPARISON OF CERVICAL JOINT POSITION SENSE IN SUBJECTS WITH CHRONIC NECK PAIN VS NORMALS
Co- Authors: Jani Kotecha Dhara, Yardi Sujata
Background: The abundance of mechanoreceptors in the cervical spine and their central and reflex afferent connections to the vestibular, visual and postural control system suggests that the cervical proprioceptive information provides important somatosensory information influencing postural stability, head orientation and eye movement control. Disturbances to the afferent input from the cervical region is thought to underlie symptoms of dizziness, unsteadiness, visual disturbances and signs of altered postural stability, cervical proprioception and head and eye movement control in people with chronic neck pain. This study aimed to assess and compare cervical joint position sense in subjects with chronic neck pain vs normals. Methods: Total 60 subjects, divided into two groups chronic neck pain group (n=30) (12 males and 18 females with mean age of 40.7 years) and control group (n=30) with age and gender matched normal individuals were assessed for baseline data and demographic variables. Head repositioning accuracy test was used to assess cervical joint position sense in degrees. Results: The difference in the head repositioning error values were found to be extremely significant (p<0.0001) for all the neck movements for subjects with chronic neck pain as compared to normals. Conclusion: Cervical joint position sense in subjects with chronic neck pain is found to be altered as compared to age and gender matched normals.
Background: 6Minute walk test (MWT) has been used as a performance based measure of functional exercise capacity in all populations including healthy adults. 6MWT is recommended out of other all timed walked tests due to its reproducibility and ease of administration compared to other longer or shorter time duration tests. It detects changes following interventions to improve exercise tolerance in healthy individuals, to assess the fitness level, used as intervention to improve walking endurance and as predictor of objectively measured aerobic fitness in healthy adults. It is essential to know a level of fitness healthy adults possess in our community, thus aim of this study was to evaluate response to 6MWT in young healthy adults. Method: 50 healthy individuals (25 males and 25 females) of 18 – 30 years of age were recruited. The 6MWT was performed as per standard guidelines. All subjects were assessed for the outcome measures by principal investigator at baseline i.e. before and post- 6MWT for following parameters. BP, PR, RR, SPO2, RPE. Results: The mean 6 minute walked distance (6MWD) was 635.6+59.07, for men it was 675.0+46.88 and for women it was 596.5+41.41. Out of study population 18% of people covered 70%-80%, 54% people covered 80%-90% and 28% people covered 90%-100% of their predicted distance. Oxygen saturation remained unaltered throughout the walk. Mean resting and walking spo2 values were 96.80+13.55% and 96.71+13.55% (p-value: 0.2288). Pulse rate (PR) and respiratory rate (RR) were affected by the walk. Mean resting and walking PR was 79.82+9.18 and 142.6+19.62 (p-value: 0.0001) and RR was 18.48+2.78 and 30.20+4.35 (p-value: 0.0001) respectively. Mean resting and walking systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in males as compared to females. Conclusion: The 6 minute walk test is a useful measure of functional capacity in healthy adults. There was a difference between predicted distance covered and actual distance covered at the end of 6 minute walk test in study population. There was a significant difference between responses of males and females elicited during 6 MWT.
EFFECT OF CRYOTHERAPY ON FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE OF SHOULDER
Co- Authors: Varsha. Solanki, Veena Krishnanand
Background: Shoulder joint is a complex joint producing wide range of motion. Joint receptors present in the capsule, ligaments transmit information about status of joint to the Central nervous system. Integrity of mechanoreceptors and CNS pathways play an important role to meet mobility and stability requirements. Receptors function to protect the joint from damage incurred by going in pathologic range of motion. Application of cryotherapy is common after acute shoulder injury as a part of rehabilitation. It is essential to study the effect of cryotherapy on functional performance of the shoulder joint and also to understand the safe recovery time post cryotherapy so as to return the subject back to activity. Materials and Methods: 50 healthy subjects (n=25 males n=25 females) were assessed using Functional Throwing Performance Index (FTPI) where the subject was told to throw the ball in a target at a measured distance using their dominant side. Then subject was given cryotherapy for 20 minutes followed by which the subject was reassessed immediately post cryotherapy, after 3min, 5min, 10min and 15min. Result: Data analysis showed a significant decrease (p<0.0001) in mean FTPI from pre-cryotherapy FTPI (0.5402 +0.1741) to post-cryotherapy FTPI (0.3787 + 0.1976). Also 3min post-cryotherapy FTPI (0.3958 + 0.1671), 5min post-cryotherapy FTPI (0.4706 + 0.1721) showed significant difference with pre-cryotherapy FTPI. Whereas, 10min post-cryotherapy FTPI (0.6063 + 0.1525) and 15min post-cryotherapy FTPI (0.6178 + 0.1466) showed no significant difference than pre-cryotherapy FTPI. Conclusion: The study suggested that functional performance of shoulder, is affected post cryotherapy till 5min, and recovers to pre values by 10min.
CORRELATION OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCE WITH KNEE PROPRIOCEPTION IN NORMALS
Co- Authors: Dhvani Jain, Veena Krishnanand
Background: Human balance depends on coordinated integration of sensory input from somatosensory, vestibular and visual systems. Proprioception includes 3 components: sense of position, sense of movement and sense of force. Most of the injuries have the potential to decrease proprioception and subsequently balance. It is important to understand the relation between proprioception and balance in young adults. Thus this study aimed at co-relating static and dynamic balance with knee proprioception in Normals. Purpose of the study: To understand the correlation of balance with knee proprioception. Materials and Methods: Young asymptomatic adults (N=50),equal males (n=25) and females (n=25) between the age group of 18-30 years (mean age=21.2) were assessed for knee joint proprioception at 600 using universal goniometer, static balance using Balance Error Scoring System(BESS) and dynamic balance using Star excursion balance test (SEBT). Result: There is a weak negative correlation [r = -0.3161(rt) and r = -0.1599(lt)] of knee joint proprioception error with dynamic balance and a weak positive correlation [r = 0.3358(rt) and r = 0.2912(lt)] of knee joint proprioception error with static balance error. Conclusion: The study concludes that lesser the knee joint proprioception error better is the dynamic balance. And lesser the knee joint proprioception error lesser is the static balance error. KEY WORDS: Static balance, dynamic balance, knee proprioception error, star excursion balance test, balance error scoring system.
Influence of Smartphone Addiction Grade on Cervical Pain in Young Adults
Co- Authors: Ayushi Punmiya
Abstract: Background: Smartphone usage has increased over the past few years. Due to the internet usage that the smartphone provides, it is extensively used by younger population. Overuse of smartphones is known to cause various musculoskeletal, visual and psychological problems which are an important aspect affecting health and wellbeing of young adults. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the smartphone addiction grades and its influence on cervical pain in young adults. Materials and methods: Young asymptomatic adults (N=60) with 25 males (n=25) and 35 females (35) between the age group of 19-35 years (mean age= 21.85 years) were assessed for smartphone addiction into low,medium and high addiction grades and cervical pain during or immediately after using a smartphone in the past 1 week using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Result: There is a significant difference in the cervical pain in low versus medium smartphone users (p=0.0026)and low versus high smartphone users (p<0.0001) but no significant difference in neck pain in medium versus high smartphone users (p=0.0718).Conclusion: The study concludes that as the smartphone addiction increases, the cervical pain reported by the study population also increased.
Abstract:Background: The smartphone use is increasing day by day for various purposes as now almost everything can be done using a smartphone due to the internet facilities that a smartphone provides. The use of excessive smartphone leads to smartphone addiction. The excessive use of smartphone has various disadvantages like musculoskeletal, psychological and visual problems which can affect the health of an individual. Thus, the study aimed at assessing the smartphone addiction in young adults. Materials and methods:Young asymptomatic adults (N=60) with 25 males (n=25) and 35 females (n=35) between the age group of 19-35 years (mean age= 21.85 years) were assessed for smartphone addiction and divided into three groups of low, medium and high smartphone addiction users and analyze the components of the scale that are affected. Results: The overuse factor is the most affected component in all the three groups with affection of overuse in the low group 37.97%, medium group 62.28% and high group 85.83%. Conclusion: Overuse is the factor that is maximally affected in all the groups suggesting that the smartphone users prefer to search using the smartphone rather than asking people, fully charged battery doesn’t last a day using smartphone longer than intended and feeling the urge to use smartphone right after they stopped using it implying the dependence and compulsive habits developed when using a smartphone.
Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Cervical Pain, Cervical Lordosis and Pectoralis Minor Muscle in Young Adults
Co- Authors: Jinal Gada
Background: Billions of people are using smartphone in their day today lives, essentially in poor posture. Loss of natural curvature of the cervical spine can lead to increased stresses on the spine. These stresses may in turn lead to early wear and tear, leading to degenerative changes. Imbalance in muscle activitydue to altered mechanics can be a cause of pain in the musculoskeletal system of neck and shoulder in smartphone users. Therefore it is important to identify and assess the biomechanical changes that may becaused due to prolonged use of smartphones. Materials and methods: 60 (N= 60) young adults (25 males and 35 females) were divided into 3 groups of smartphone addiction (low n=20, medium n=20 and high n=20) based on their scoring of Smartphone Addiction Scale. Cervical lordosis angle was assessed using a Flexicurve, pectoralis minor muscle length usinga right angled protractor and Pain using Numerical Rating Scale. Result: Data analysis showed no significance between pectoralis minor muscle length (right =0.7673, left =0.7238) and cervical lordosis angle (p value in low group= 0.8166, p value in medium group= 0.886, p value inhigh group= 0.1872). However cervical pain was significantly high as the level of addiction increased (pvalue< 0.0001) Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the cervical pain as the level of smartphone addictionincreased. Although there was no significant change in cervical lordosis angle and pectoralis minor musclelength as the level of smartphone addiction increased.
Awareness of Smartphone Addiction in Urban Teenagers
Co- Authors: Hetal Shah
ABSTRACT: Smartphone has become a crucial part of the teenage life. The era has changed from playground games to digital games; therefore, it is essential to evaluate the awareness of smartphone addiction in urban teenagers. A sample size of n=158 in the age group of 13-19 years was chosen and evaluated on basis of Smartphone Addiction Scale- short Version (SAS-SV). This scale helps to study the self-awareness among adolescents about their smartphone addiction. Percentage analysis of the data was done. The results obtained from the study indicated that there was about 50% addiction among teenagers and about 22% were at the risk of addiction due to their high scores. Hence, the need of the hour is to create awareness about the same, so as to curb the effects of addiction before establishment of ill-effects. The population which is addicted should also be targeted with rehabilitation
Fear Of Fall And Activity Limitation In Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Co- Authors:Tejal Tomke, ,Niharika Gill
ABSTRACT:Background: Falls are common event in Rheumatoid Arthritis subjects.Subjects with rheumatoid arthritis maybe at increased risk of falling because they frequently experience muscle weakness,gaitimpairments,anddepressions.Thus, the study aimed to explore fear of falling and activity limitation in Rheumatoid arthritis subjects. Materials and methods:Rheumatoid arthritis subjects (N=52) between the age group 35-50 years were assessed for fear of fall by using Fall efficacy scale-International and activities of daily living was assessed by use of Health assessment questionnaire i.e. HAQ(Indianversion) Results:51% reported severe risk of falling,27%moderate and 21% low risk of falling. 52% subjects with rheumatoid arthritis showed severe activity limitation and functional disability.42% showed moderate activity limitation and functional disability.Activities commonly affected included stair climbing,walking,arising,shopping,getting in/out of vehicle. Conclusion:Activity limitation due to fear of fall is the common concern indicated by subject with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
ABSTRACT: Background : In past few years, there is significant increase in smartphone use. Modern smartphones currently include all the features of a laptop, including web browsing, Wi-Fi, and 3rd -party apps etc., which allows adolescents to access the Internet, communicate, and entertain themselves anywhere and anytime and they use it as their constant companion. This excessive use can lead to various musculoskeletal, psychological and visual problems which can affect the health of an individual. Thus, the study aimed at assessing smartphone addiction in urban school children. Materials and methods: Asymptomatic school children (N=45) with 19 boys (n=19) and 26 girls (n=26) between the age group of 13-16 years (mean age= 14.5) were assessed for smartphone addiction by the Smartphone Addiction Scale: Short Version for Adolescents and divided into two groups of addicted and non-addicted. Results:Urban school children becoming more and more addicted to smartphone.
ABSTRACT- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects mainly the small joints of the hands and feet. RA is one of the most common inflammatory joint diseases with the prevalence of 0.75% in India. Clinical neuropathy occurs in 0.5% to 85% of RA patients. Clinical neuropathy may present with a wide variety of symptoms, such as pain, paraesthesias, and muscle weakness. A sample size of 55(n=55) was taken, fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Consent was taken to participate in the study. The self- administered LANSS scale was used for assessment and scoring was done. Data was represented in terms of descriptive analysis. 34.55 % of the population recorded positive score for LANSS scale. Highest affection was burning pain or change in skin temperature which was found in 43% of study population, Followed by pain perception as pricking, tingling kind of pain in 32% subjects. Altered pin prick threshold in 32% subjects. Presence of abnormal skin appearance, abnormal skin sensitivity to touch and allodynia was noted to be 9.09%, 12.72%, 14.54 % respectively.
Quantification Of Depression In Exercising Vs Non-Exercising Obese Subjects
Co- Author: Jayati Mehta
ABSTRACT:Background:Obesity has risen to one of the most prevalent nutritional problem in the world and not only poses a threat to the physical health, but is also linked to deterioration of mental health,commonly giving rise to depression and anxiety. A strong link between obesity and depression has been established previously.Exercising has been proven to effectively combat depression, when used in conjunction with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and other modes of treatment. Since, positive influence of exercise on depression, especially in obese population hasnot received significant attention previously, this study is aimed to quantify the difference in depression using Major Depressive Inventory scale in non-exercising and exercising obese subjects over a period of 6 months.Material and Methods: Major Depressive Inventory (MDI) is a self- report mood questionnaire developed by WHO to measure levels of depression. Exercising obese subjects (N=30), non-exercising obese subjects(N=30) were assessed for depression using the MDI scale. Results: Non-exercising obese subjects were found to have higher level of depression (p=22.169) as compared to exercising obese subjects (p=12.149). Conclusion: Exercises have a strong and positive impact on depression in obese subjects.
EFFECT OF SURYANAMASKAR VS DYNAMIC STRETCHING ON HAMSTRING FLEXIBILITY AMONG PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS: A PILOT STUDY
Co- Author: Anagha Mangaonkar
Background: Physiotherapists are looked upon as role models for practicing a healthy lifestyle. They require a good amount of flexibility and endurance to meet the professional demands. Enhanced flexibility of hamstrings plays a crucial role for physiotherapists to maintain good fitness levels and prevent injuries. Suryanamaskar and dynamic stretching exercises have been proved effective in improving hamstring flexibility in various studies. However, no study proves which technique is better. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Suryanamaskar and dynamic stretching on Hamstring flexibility and also to compare the effect of suryanamaskar and dynamic stretching on Hamstring flexibility. Methods: This was a comparative experimental study done on 30 Physiotherapy students. The subjects were selected by the inclusion criteria and were equally divided into two groups. Suryanamaskar and dynamic stretching were given as intervention program for four weeks to group 1 and two respectively. The measurements of active knee extension test and back savers sit and reach test were separately assessed for both the groups pre and post four weeks. Results: Statistical analysis proved that there was a significant effect in increasing hamstring flexibility bilaterally in both groups with a P value<0.0001. Intergroup comparison showed that suryanamaskar was more effective in improving hamstring flexibility bilaterally with a P value<0.0001. Conclusion: This study concluded that suryanamaskar was more effective to improve hamstring flexibility compared to dynamic stretching exercises.
Effect of Rigid Taping on Scapular Re-Alignment in Shoulder Dysfunction.
Co- Author: Komal Dalvi
Background: Shoulder complex solves its mobility versus stability conflict by distributing its large range of motion across its entire mobile component. Altered scapular kinematics has been recognized in various shoulder condition. However, management of the muscles surrounding the scapula which affects the position of scapula is often disregarded during shoulder rehabilitation. Thus, the study aimed to verify the effect of rigid taping on scapular re-alignment in shoulder dysfunction. Material and Methods: – The sample size of n=54 in the age group of 30-50 years with moderate unilateral shoulder pain on numerical pain rating scale for more than 1 week were selected. Neurological problems, pregnancy, and sports player subjects were excluded from the study. Pre assessment of Shoulder range of motion for flexion and abduction shoulder should be 90° or more, Pectoralis minor tightness in supine position, scapular lateral translation- distance measured from fourth spinous process to medial border of scapula and lateral scapular slide test in three different positions were taken. Position 1: Inferior angle of scapula to adjacent thoracic spinous process when arms relaxed at the sides of the body. Position 2: Inferior angle of scapula to adjacent thoracic spinous process with arms 45° abducted resting on ipsilateral hip. Position 3: Inferior angle of scapula to adjacent thoracic spinous process with arms 90° abducted and internally rotated (thumb down position) were taken. On first day, underwrap and rigid tape was applied bilaterally from first thoracic spine to twelfth thoracic spine and from center of the spine of scapula to twelfth thoracic spine for five days. On third day tape was removed and reapplied instantly. On fifth day, tape was removed and post assessment was taken immediately. Results: – Pre and Post rigid taping outcome measure showed improvement in numerical pain rating scale (p<0.0001), shoulder flexion (p<0.0001) and abduction (p0.0003) range of motion, Pectoralis tightness (p<0.0001), lateral scapular translation (p0.0025), lateral scapular slide test position 1: (p0.0001), position 2: (p<0.0001) and position 3: (p0.3305). Conclusion: Scapular re-alignment by rigid taping was found effective in shoulder dysfunction.
Influence of bilateral trapezius muscle pain on jaw opening in young adult females: A Pilot Study.
Co- Authors: Aanchal Jain, Mugdha Oberoi
Background: Neck pain is the most common cause of absenteeism from work following back pain. There is a higher prevalence of it among women than men. Trapezius muscle pain is majorly found in individuals who are required to keep their head stable for longer periods i.e. desk job workers, drivers, students, etc .This pain sometimes spreads to the temporomandibular system (TMS) and affects its functions. Thus, the aim of the study is to assess one of the functions of the TMS i.e. mouth opening in the study and control group Materials and methods: Study included two groups(N=60), study group(n=30) and control group (n=30) with trapezius muscle pain and asymptomatic individuals respectively in the age group of 19-35 years females.They were assessed for temporomandibular joint opening using Vernier calliper; and numerical pain rating scale(NRPS), rheobase for quantifying trapezius muscle pain. Mouth opening in two groups were compared.In the study group, NRPS and rheobase values were correlated with mouth opening. Results: There was a significant difference in the mouth opening between the study group 37.3 mm (± 0.48) and control group 41.7mm (± 0.4) with p value 0.000514. In the study group, there was negative correlation of numerical pain rating scale values 6.3 (±1.2) with mouth opening 37.3mm (± 0.48) with r= -0.25 and p=0.55; and a weak positive correlation of rheobase 2.37mA (± 0.31) with mouth opening 37.3mm (± 0.48) with r = 0.11 and p=0.17 Conclusion: The current study concluded that, there is a reduction of mouth opening in individuals with trapezius muscle pain than in asymptomatic individuals. There is also a weak positive correlation of rheobase with mouth opening and a negative correlation of NRPS with mouth opening.
Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Gross-Hand Dexterity in Young Adults
Co- Authors: Mugdha Oberoi, Dhvani Vora
Background:Smartphone has become an integral part of everyday life for educational and recreational purpose. A smartphone is used for playing games, internet surfing, watching movies, communicating, etc. This has lead to increased severity and prevalence of smartphone addiction among teenagers, adolescents, and young adults. Evidence points to various pathophysiological changes in upper extremity due to repetitive and continuous usage of smartphone for longer durations.Thus, this study aims to compare the effect of smartphone addiction on gross-hand dexterity in young adults. Materials and methods:160 young adults within the age group of 18-35 years were asked to fill the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). Based on the scores calculated, they were classified as having mild, moderate and severe smartphone addiction. 20 subjects for each group (n=20) were randomly selected and were assessed for grosshand dexterity using the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test on dominant as well as the non-dominant side (N=60). The subtests used were Placing test, Turning test and One-hand turning and placing test.
Results:Data was analyzed using GraphPad Instat3 software. On comparing the group means, it was observed that the severely addicted group took the longest time to complete the tests, followed by mildly addicted group and then moderately addicted group. However, the difference in means was not statistically significant.For the placing test [Group means (in seconds):severe(181.00+19.593) >mild (177.85+16.878)>moderately (175.40+16.627)], the p-value was 0.7005 on dominant side and 0.0550 on the non-dominant side[Group means:severe(200.50+22.360)> mild(191.45+14.848)> moderate (184.80+ 22.353)]. The p-value was 0.1543 for the turning test[Group means:severe (155.25+21.584) > mild (146.70+19.377)> moderate (144.20+19.339)]. For one-hand turning and placing test, the p-value was 0.0890 on dominant side[Group means on dominant side: severe (218.00+23.231) > mild (206.500+24.958) ~ moderate (206.25+17.168)] and 0.1568 on non-dominant side[Group means on the non-dominant side: severe (244.15+26.664) >mildly (235.35+19.885)>moderately (229.20+25.757)].Conclusion:The current study indicates that the group means of severely addicted individuals is more than mildly and moderately addicted groups, however, the difference between the group means is not statistically significant.
Physical Fitness and Quality Of Life in Exercising V/S Non Exercising Community Dwelling Elderly
Co- Authors: Manisha Sarode, Mugdha Oberoi
Background: Ageing is progressive generalized impairment of physiological, psychological functioning of the body resulting in loss of adaptive responses to external and internal stresses leading to increased risk of age associated diseases.Thus it is essential to maintain physical fitness and quality of life at optimum level in elderly. The fitness level and quality of life were evaluated by using senior fitness test and quality of life questionnaire. The senior fitness test includes six components which were upper body strength and flexibility, lower limb strength and flexibility, agility and cardiopulmonary endurance. All of these components are performed by elderly in there day to day life. Method: Two groups were selected (N = 40) which included 20 individuals from the exercising and 20 from non-exercising. Their fitness level and quality of life were evaluated using senior fitness test (SFT) and quality of life questionnaire which has six components to assess upper body strength and flexibility, lower body strength and flexibility, 8 foot up and go test, 2 minute step test. Results: Comparison of SFT components and quality of life was made by using unpaired t-test and MannWhitney test. Analysis of the data showed significant difference in upper body strength (p-0.0189), lower body flexibility (p-0.0191), 2 minute step test (p-0.0012) and quality of life (p-0.0315) which was better in exercising elderly than non exercising elderly. Also upper body flexibility (p-0.0807), lower body strength (p-0.0988), agility (p-0.0848) was better in non exercising elderly though was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Exercising elderly showed better upper body strength, lower body flexibility, cardio respiratory endurance and quality of life in comparison to non exercising elderly of the same age group and gender. Regular exercises have positive impact on functional, physical independence and quality of life in elderly
Osteoarthritis is a most common reason of joint disability over 45 years of age. It is the main cause of dysfunction in most countries around the world. Depending on functional activity limitations, an effective comprehensive rehabilitation program can be planned for the management of OA knee. Therefore, this study was conducted to know functional activity limitations in an Indian lifestyle. This cross- sectional study included 499 individuals who met inclusion criteria. It was conducted for 4 months in outpatient department of tertiary care hospital. The level of difficulty in sixteen chosen activities suitable mainly for Indian lifestyle was assessed. Analysis of data showed that sit to stand, getting in and out of the bed, sitting on the floor and getting up, cross sitting, climbing down stairs and sitting for a long time are the activities which are severely affected. Household chores and travelling via public transport are activities which are less affected mainly in people who follow Indian lifestyle.
Osteoarthritis is a most common reason of joint disability over 45 years of age. It is the main cause of dysfunction in most countries around the world. Depending on functional activity limitations, an effective comprehensive rehabilitation program can be planned for the management of OA knee. Therefore, this study was conducted to know functional activity limitations in an Indian lifestyle. This cross- sectional study included 499 individuals who met inclusion criteria. It was conducted for 4 months in outpatient department of tertiary care hospital. The level of difficulty in sixteen chosen activities suitable mainly for Indian lifestyle was assessed. Analysis of data showed that sit to stand, getting in and out of the bed, sitting on the floor and getting up, cross sitting, climbing down stairs and sitting for a long time are the activities which are severely affected. Household chores and travelling via public transport are activities which are less affected mainly in people who follow Indian lifestyle.
Targeting Central Sensitization in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions
Co- Author: Sunil Rajpal
Pain is the main presenting symptom in musculoskeletal conditions. The understanding of unexplained chronic pain disorders has increased substantially. The majority of cases of chronic musculoskeletal pain are characterized by abnormal pain processing mechanisms. There is a possibility that, the pain experience might not necessarily reflect the consistent relationship between pathology and pain. Therefore, it is important to find out distal or peripheral mechanisms to treat patients effectively with the help of physiotherapy.
Effect of core-stability training on dynamic balance in healthy young adults – A randomized controlled trial
Co- Author: Dhvani Shah
Background: Balance is a key component of normal daily activities. Therefore, it is necessary to find various programs to improve balance. The core functions to maintain postural alignment and balance during functional activities. The purpose was to study the effects of the core stability training on dynamic balance in healthy, young adults. Methods: It was an interventional study, in which 60 healthy young adults were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each, one being experimental group and other control group. Measurement of their height, weight, BMI and leg length was taken. Subjects in both the groups were assessed for core stability with pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) and dynamic balance using Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) pre and post intervention. Subjects in the experimental group underwent progressive core stability training program for six weeks (3days/week) and control group was refrained from any type of structured training program. Results: There was statistically significant improvement in core stability and dynamic balance of the experimental group after six weeks of intervention. Conclusion: It is concluded that core stability training of six weeks duration is effective in improving dynamic balance in healthy, young adults.
Aim: To study grip strength of dominant hand in various body postures in the age group of 20-50 years. Objectives: To measure and compare the grip strength of dominant hand in supine,sitting and standing positions in the age group of 20-50 years. Result: From the results of our study it can be concluded that standing with shoulder adducted and neutrally rotated with elbow flexed to 900 and forearm in supination with wrist extended can be recommended as the standard posture and position for measuring hand grip strength of Indian adults between the age group of 20-50 years.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THORACIC KYPHOSIS, HEAD POSTURE AND CERVICAL RANGE OF MOTION IN ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT CERVICAL SPINE DYSFUNCTION
Co- Author: Vidhi Shah
Background: Excessive Thoracic Kyphosis (TK) and Forward Head Posture(FHP) become more apparent in aging adults from the accumulation of remodeling in response to habitual postures. Faulty posture of the shoulders, neck, and particularly the head may contribute to the onset and perpetuation of cervical pain dysfunction syndrome. Current literature suggests that an association exists between the head posture, thoracic kyphosis and cervical range of motion in individuals with cervical spine dysfunction. Since age as well as cervical spine dysfunction may affect the above parameters, the objective of our research was to study the association between these in adults with and without cervical spine dysfunction. Methods: 50 adults with CSD and 50 adults without CSD were assessed for TK, FHP and Cervical range of motion (CROM) by flexicurve method Kipnotic Index (KI), measuring cranio-vertebral angle(CVA) using a lateral-view photograph(digitized) of the subject and using Universal Goniometer respectively. Results: In both groups, there was increased KI (TK), lesser CVA i.e. FHP and reduced CROM when compared to normative values, however there was no statistical difference in KI and CVA between the two groups (p=0.53,0.75). Cervical extension and rotation ranges were significantly reduced in CSD adults (p=0.00,0.00,0.00). Correlation between CVA and CROM, KI and CROM and KI and CVA was not significant in adults with as well as without CSD (p=0.16-0.51,0.05-0.35,p=0.08-0.69,0.19-0.52,p=0.13,0.94 respectively). Conclusion: Correlation between FHP and CROM,TK and CROM, FHP and TK in adults with and without CSD was not significant.
PHYSICAL FITNESS IN COMMUNITY DWELLING ELDERLY AND INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDERLY USING SENIOR FITNESS TEST (SFT)
Co- Author: Naushin Qureshi, Shweta Manwadkar
Background: Aging is a physiologic process that affects all of our body systems. It is characterized by a physiological decline in bodily functions. Physical fitness helps to maintain a good quality of life. Thus we need to study the effect of physical activity on one’s physical fitness. The main aim of our study was to compare physical fitness in community-dwelling elderly and institutionalized elderly using Senior Fitness Test (SFT). This test assessed strength, flexibility, balance and endurance. These components are frequently used in one’s daily activities and thus helpful to evaluate physical fitness. Since there is an increase in the number of elders becoming institutionalized, it is imperative to understand if there is a difference in demands on their bodily systems which will affect their fitness parameters, hence this study was undertaken. Methods: Two groups were selected (n=40) which included 20 individuals from the community and 20 from an institution. Their fitness level was evaluated using Senior Fitness Test (SFT) which had six components to assess upper body strength and upper body flexibility, lower body strength and lower body flexibility, 8 feet test, 6-minute walk test. Result: Comparison of SFT components was made by using unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Analysis of this study revealed significant difference in lower body strength (p value=0.0028), 8 feet test (p value=0.0205) and 6-minute walk test (p value=<0.0001) which was better in community-dwelling elderly than institutionalized elderly. Also, upper body flexibility (p-value = 0.4477) and lower body flexibility (p-value =0.0766) were better in community-dwelling elderly though was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The current study suggests that community-dwelling elderly have better lower body strength, dynamic balance and aerobic endurance in comparison to institutionalized elderly of the same age group. Thus, it can be said that staying in institutions, in a restricted environment with less amount of physical activity has a negative impact on one’s functional and physical
Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the common degenerative conditions. It is characterized by joint pain and stiffness, along with varying degrees of functional limitation and altered quality of life. Knee osteoarthritis is ordinarily treated by heat (superficial or deep), cryotherapy, TENS, stretching of gastrocnemius, hamstring, iliopsoas, pyriformis and strengthening of quadriceps, hamstring and VMO. salicylate iontophoresis is known for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect and is used in various conditions including heel pain. However its effect on osteoarthritis of knee has been found in few studies. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of salicylate iontophoresis on knee osteoarthritis and to compare it with conventional TENS. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of Sodium Salicylate iontophoresis v/s conventional TENS on pain, function and disability in knee osteoarthritis. Objectives: To study the effectiveness of sodium salicylate iontophoresis on pain, function and disability in knee osteoarthritis. To study the effectiveness of conventional TENS on pain, function and disability in knee osteoarthritis. To compare the effectiveness of sodium salicylate iontophoresis and Conventional TENS on pain, function and disability in knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion: There was statistically significant reduction in pain, improvement in function and in quality of life in patients treated with conventional TENS (group A). There was statistically significant reduction in pain, improvement in function and in quality of life in patients treated with sodium salicylate iontophoresis (group B). At 2 weeks post intervention and at 4 weeks follow-up, with home exercise program, the changes were statistically significant as compared to the pre treatment values within the groups. When both the groups were compared the experimental group (group B) with sodium salicylate iontophoresis showed no statistical significant improvement in pain, function and quality of life over control group (group A) with conventional TENS in knee osteoarthritis.
Comparative study of the immediate effects of eccentric training, dynamic stretching and static stretching on hamstring flexibility and vertical jump performance in basketball players
Co- Author: Ruhi Pereira
Aim: To compare the immediate effects of eccentric training versus dynamic stretching versus static stretching of hamstring muscle on its flexibility and vertical jump performance in basketball players. Objectives: To compare the immediate effects of eccentric training, dynamic stretching and static stretching of hamstring on its flexibility and vertical jump performance in basketball players Conclusion:The present study concluded that Hamstring flexibility was increased immediately after static stretching but vertical jump performance was reduced. There was no significant change in hamstring flexibility immediately after dynamic stretching but vertical jump performance was improved. There was increase in hamstring flexibility and improvement in vertical jump performance immediately after eccentric training through full ROM. http://recentscientific.com/sites/default/files/9303-A-2017.pdf
Measurement of passive range of internal rotation of shoulder in supine versus side-lying position: A reliability study
Co- Author: Dr. Dhanashree Chatim, Dr. Vidhi Shah
Abstract:Study Design: Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE: To compare reliability of shoulder internal rotation (IR) passive range of motion measurements in supine and side-lying position. Background: Intrarater reliability for measuring shoulder IR has been found to be excellent. Interrater reliability for measuring shoulder external rotation has always been good but interrater reliability for measuring shoulder IR has been poor or fair. Side-lying position which is similar to sleeper stretch position has been reported to give better reliability for measuring IR. However, there is need of more evidence to support this hypothesis. Also there is need for more objective data for normative values in this position on both dominant and non-dominant side. Methods: 200 asymptomatic subjects, 108 females and 92 males with mean age 22.24years were included in the study. Shoulder IR passive range of motion (PROM) of dominant and non-dominant side was measured by two physical therapists in both supine and side-lying position. For interrater reliability, each rater obtained 2 PROM measurements on the same day. For intrarater reliability, two PROM measurements were measured after 48 hours again by primary investigator (rater 1) in both positions. Results: Intrarater reliability in supine and side-lying positions was excellent for dominant and non-dominant shoulder IR with ICC ranging from 0.950 to 0.970. Interrater reliability in supine position for dominant shoulder IR was good (ICC= 0.853) and for non-dominant was fair (ICC= 0.775). Interrater reliability in side-lying position for dominant and non-dominant shoulder IR was excellent, ICC= 0.946 and 0.924 respectively. The mean side-lying IR ROM value for dominant shoulder was 61.06˚ ± 9.64˚ and non-dominant shoulder was 69.56˚ ± 9.50˚ and average supine IR ROM value for dominant shoulder was 91.63˚ ± 10.28˚ and non-dominant shoulder was 99.44˚ ± 10.06˚. Conclusion: Intrarater and interrater reliability of shoulder IR measurements in side-lying position was superior compared to that in standard supine position.
Inter-Rater and Intra-Rater reliability of the lateral: Scapular slide test in individuals with and without shoulder dysfunction
Co- Author: Dr. Shraddha Wasave
Abstract: The aim of this research wasto study inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of lateral scapular slide test in three different positions; position 1: arm at side, position 2: hands on hip (45o), position 3: 90o shoulder abduction with medial rotation, using a calliper. 100 subjects, 50 with shoulder dysfunction and 50 without shoulder dysfunction, which included individuals of both genders, ranging in age from 19 to 65 years, participated in this study. Method: Two measurements of scapular distance, in each test position were obtained bilaterally. From the bilateral measurements, difference was derived. For interrater reliability, each rater obtained 1 reading of LSST in three positions on same day and for intrarater reliability, LSST was performed again after 48 hours again by the primary investigator (rater 1) in all three test positions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated for intrarater and interrater reliability of the difference in side-to-side measures of scapular distance. Results: The ICCs for interrater reliability were 0.658,0.711, and 0.584 and 0.764, 0.506, and 0.567, respectively, for subjects without and with shoulder dysfunction in all 3 test positions. The ICCs for intra-rater reliability were 0.944, 0.783 and 0.890 and 0.484, 0.556 and 0.573 respectively, for subjects without and with shoulder dysfunction in all 3 test positions. Conclusion: Measurements of scapula position based on the difference in side-to-side scapular distance measures are not very reliable.
ASSOCIATION OF NON-SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN AND DISABILITY INDEX WITH LOWER EXTREMITY ALIGNMENT FACTORS
Co- Author: Shruti Bagwe
Background: An array of risk factors contributes to non-specific low back pain. Apart from age, female gender, low educational status, obesity, occupation, and psychological factors, postural variations (including variations in the lower extremity) play a significant role in predisposing an individual to low back pain. Hence, while evaluating/examining a patient with back pain, the alignment of the lower extremity should be taken into consideration rather than restricting the evaluation to the lumbosacral region.
Methods: 36 subjects (12 Males, 24 Females) with non-specific low back pain were assessed for pain and disability using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The measurements for lower extremity alignment factors (Pelvic angle, Angle of torsion of the femur, Quadriceps angle, Tibial torsion, and Navicular drop) were recorded bilaterally
Results: There was a positive correlation of non-specific low back pain and disability index with the right pelvic angle (p=0.0012, r=0.51, and p=0.0003, r=0.56 respectively). Non-specific low back pain and disability index had no correlation with left pelvic angle (p=0.9101, r=0.01 and p=0.9794, r=0.00 respectively). Non-specific low back pain and disability index had a positive correlation with angle of torsion (AOT) of femur (Rt: p=0.0027, r=0.48, Lt: p=0.0084, r=0.43 and Rt: p=0.0039, r=0.46, Lt: p=0.0023, r=0.49 respectively), quadriceps angle (Q-angle) (Rt: p=0.0020, r=0.49, Lt: p=0.0014, r=0.51 and Rt: p=0.0019, r=0.49, Lt: p=0.0024, r=0.49 respectively) and navicular drop (Rt: p=<0.0001, r=0.61, Lt: p=0.0053, r=0.45 and Rt: p=0.0002, r=0.58, Lt: p=0.0048, r=0.46 respectively) bilaterally. Non-specific low back pain had no correlation with right tibial torsion (p=0.9269, r=0.01). Disability index had a positive correlation (not significant) with right tibial torsion (p=0.2427, r=0.19). There was a positive correlation (not significant) of non-specific low back pain and disability with left tibial torsion (p=0.1757, r=0.23 and p=0.0703, r=0.30 respectively).
Conclusion: There was an association of non-specific low back pain and disability index with lower extremity alignment factors.
Perceived Environmental Barriers to Community Participation in Stroke Patients
Co- Author: Nivedita Shahane
Aim: To determine the environmental barriers to community participation perceived by stroke patients
Objective: To identify the physical and non-physical environmental factors perceived as barriers to community participation by stroke patients. Design: Observational and Prospective. Setting: Tertiary care centre. Participants: 20 stroke patients with hemiplegia, ambulatory (with/without assistive devices) and community-dwelling voluntarily participated. Patients with severe cognitive, visual, perceptual and communication deficits were excluded. Convenience sampling was used.
Main outcome measure: A questionnaire was designed based on the domains of International Classification of Functioning and Disability; and included elements of physical and social environments. This was administered through a semi-structured interview.
Result: Among the various factors identified, mobility barriers community (e.g., uneven sidewalks, unavailability of lifts) and at home (e.g., stairs or doors) have been implicated to limit community participation by majority of subjects (95% & 85%) followed by lack of accessibility of roads (95%), lack of accessibility of restrooms (55%) and lack of accessibility of transport (45%). Lack of services, systems and policies was perceived as a barrier and inappropriate attitude and lack of support of family and friends by 25% and 20% subjects respectively.
Conclusion: Environmental factors are crucial determinants of community participation in stroke patients. Along with physical environmental factors, social and attitudinal aspects of environment also have an impact on community participation by stroke patients. Clinical Implications: Knowledge of these findings will assist rehabilitation of stroke patients by overcoming barriers and enhancing facilitators through environmental modification in community for easy accessibility, training in community/in a simulated environment and policy changes e.g. changes in regulations, insurance, etc.
Effect of Trunk Extensor Muscle Fatigue on Postural Stability in Healthy Young Adults
Co- Author: Saili Mulgaonkar
Objective: To determine the effect of trunk extensor muscle fatigue on postural stability in healthy young adults using clinical measures
Design: Prospective, experimental, within subject, repeated measures design Setting: Tertiary care hospital and research centre
Participants: 70 healthy adults in the age group of 20 to 25 years, volunteer sample Intervention: Fatigue of trunk extensor muscles was induced by repeated dynamic contractions performed to maximum exhaustion. Postural stability was assessed under three different conditions viz. No fatigue, Fatigue and Recovery.
Main Outcome Measures: One-leg standing balance test and Functional reach test were used to assess static and dynamic postural stability respectively.
Results: Wilcoxon matched-paired signed ranked test was used for comparison of postural stability in No fatigue and Fatigue condition with p-value<0.001. One-leg standing balance test showed a significant decrease from No fatigue (15.16+8.47 seconds) to Fatigue (5.89+5.7 seconds) condition. Functional reach test values showed a significant decrease from No fatigue condition (12.34+2.61 inches) to fatigue condition (12.27+2.6 inches). Mean recovery time was 12.5+3.27 minutes for One-leg standing balance test and 11.93+3.22 minutes for the Functional reach test. Further analysis using Mann Whitney test showed no significant difference (P=0.288) between the recovery time of one-leg standing balance test and functional reach test.
Conclusions: Trunk extensor fatigue significantly affects static and dynamic postural stability in healthy young adults. Complete recovery takes 12.5+3.27 minutes for static and 11.93+3.22 minutes for dynamic postural stability. Results of this study stress the importance of intact trunk extensor muscle function on the regulation of static and dynamic postural stability in healthy young adults. However, more studies are required to determine the effect of trunk extensor muscle fatigue using other clinical measures and in individuals with neuromuscular disorders.
Fear of Falling and Associated Variables in Community-Dwelling Elderly
Co- Author: Dohadwala Sakina
he purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of fear of falling and its association with fall, avoidance of activity, balance deficits and risk of fall in community-dwelling older individuals. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in general community setting. Fifty community-dwelling elderly (mean age of 77.98 ± 2.83years), ambulatory, without any severe medical conditions participated in the study. Main outcome measures of the study were fear of falling (FOF), fall and activity avoidance assessed through an interview-based questionnaire; balance assessed using Berg Balance Scale (BBS); balance confidence assessed using Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale. FOF and associated avoidance of activity was reported by 60% and 52% of the elderly respectively. In subjects reporting FOF, 76% were fallers, 44% being non-fallers. BBS score of the subjects reporting FOF was significantly lower (42.7 ± 10.12) than the subjects without FOF (53.65 ± 3.51). Also, the subjects with FOF had a score below 46, the cut-off point for predicting risk of falling. In subjects having FOF, 56.66% had low risk of falls and 43.33% had medium risk of falls whereas all the subjects with no fear of fall had low risk of falls. Subjects FOF reported a significantly lower balance confidence on ABC scale as compared to subjects without FOF. Thus, it is concluded that FOF and associated avoidance of activity are highly prevalent in the community-dwelling older people. FOF is significantly associated with fall/s, balance deficits with an increased fall risk, avoidance of activity and low balance confidence in doing activities of daily living. FOF can be considered as a significant health problem of equal importance to a fall. This study highlights the importance of identifying FOF and addressing factors related to it in the rehabilitation of the elderly.
Immediate Effect of Nadishodhana Pranayama on Functional Mobility in Stroke Patients
Co- Author: Aditya Rajput
Objective: To determine the immediate effect of nadishodhana pranayama on performance of a clinical functional mobility task in stroke patients.
Design: Experimental, within subject, pre and post design.
Setting: Tertiary Care Hospital and Research Centre.
Participants: 16 Stroke patients consisting of 11 males and 5 females with an average age of 51 ± 12.43 (S.D) yrs.
Intervention: Nadishodhana Pranayama was administered to ambulatory stroke patients in a quiet, spacious, well-lit room. Functional mobility was assessed before and immediately after the practise of Pranayama.
Main outcome measure: Timed up and Go test (TUGT)
Results: The average Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) time in seconds was 33.43 ± 19.56 before and 26.06 ± 20.69 after the practice of Nadishodhana Pranayama. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was applied to this data which proved the difference to be extremely significant (p<0.00001).
Conclusion: Practice of Nadishodhana Pranayama significantly improves the efficiency of performance of a functional mobility task in stroke patients immediately.
Usefulness of Toys in Neurodevelopmental disorders-A Survey amongst Physiotherapists
Co- Author: Rucha R Gadgil
Background: Neuromuscular disorders create profound movement disorders in children affecting their development physically and mentally. Considering the challenging circumstances of pediatric population with developmental disorders, therapeutic toys can prove to be beneficial in therapy in achieving both functional goals and psychological goals. This study aimed to assess Physiotherapists’ knowledge of use of therapeutic toys as an approach in therapy of children with developmental disabilities.Method: A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire prepared on Google Forms was circulated among physiotherapists having experience in pediatric physiotherapy via social media. Data analysis was done by Google spreadsheet.Results: 102 physiotherapists responded. 99% were using toys with 80% using them constructively. 38% reported they did not know the impairments that can be targeted and properties that could be useful. 56% said there was no evidence of toys in therapy.
Conclusion: Awareness regarding therapeutic use of toys is required in pediatric physiotherapists
Impact of Cognitive Impairments on Functional Ambulation in Stroke Patients
Background: Regaining the ability to walk independently is the most important functional goal in rehabilitation of stroke patients. Cognitive impairments are increasingly recognized as affecting functional outcome in stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between cognition and functional ambulation level in chronic stroke patients.
Methods:
Design: Cross-sectional, observational
Setting: Tertiary care centre, Mumbai, India Participants: 60 ambulatory post-acute stroke patients Main outcome measures: • Cognition was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale • Functional ambulation level was determined using Modified Hoffer functional ambulation classification (FAC). Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairments was 46%. According to FAC, 28.3% of the patients were community walkers. MoCA score discriminated between unlimited household and most limited community walkers (p<0.03) and also between least limited community and community walkers (p<0.04). Conclusion: Community ambulation is significantly limited in chronic stroke patients. Cognitive impairments are prevalent and persistent even after the acute phase. Cognition is an important factor in the attainment of community ambulation in chronic stroke patients. Along with physical impairments, cognitive impairments need to be specifically addressed for successful rehabilitation outcome in stroke.
Can Quantitative Balance Measures Discriminate between Functional Ambulation Categories in Chronic Stroke Survivors?
Background: The limited walking ability that follows a stroke restricts a patient’s independent mobility about the home and community, a significant social handicap. This study investigated the relationship between quantitative balance indices and functional ambulation level in stroke patients. The purpose was to explore whether we could provide supportive laboratory evidence for the association between balance and ambulatory level in stroke patients based on computerized dynamic post urography. Study design: Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study Setting: Physiotherapy department in a tertiary care center in Mumbai Participants: 40 ambulatory stroke patients (mean age=54.07 ± 11.9 years) Main outcome measures: (1) Static and dynamic balance was assessed using computerized force plate system (2) Functional ambulation level was determined using Modified Hoffer functional ambulation classification (FAC). Results: According to FAC, 29.26% of the patients were community walkers. One way ANNOVA showed that static and dynamic balance indices were significantly different with functional ambulation categories. Weight bearing asymmetry during quiet stance (p<0.04); COG sway velocity (p<0.04), weight transfer time (p<0.04) and rising index (p<0.02) during sit to stand can discriminate between household and community ambulators. Conclusion: Balance is a significant factor in the attainment of independent functional ambulation in chronic stroke patients. The functional mobility capability of stroke patients may be quantified analytically using static and dynamic balance indices. The key balance factors identified through this study need to be specifically targeted for training and as outcome measures while monitoring the progress of patients through different functional ambulation categories. Results of this study offer a quantitative method of relating the social disadvantage of stroke patients to the impairments
A Comparative Study on Effect of Suryanamaskar and Aerobic Dance on Physical Fitness
Co- Author: Nikita Chauhan
Abstract: This study assesses and compares the effect of Aerobic dance and Suryanamaskar on three aspects of physical fitness, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, static and dynamic balance, by using the outcome measures, modified sit and reach test, one leg stance test, step test and star excursion balance test respectively. Two different groups were formulated, 30 participants were taken in suryanamaskar and aerobic dance group, 15 participants in each group, put through four weeks protocol of suryanamaskar and aerobic dance performed on alternative days. Pre and post protocol assessment within both the groups showed significant improvement in all the outcome measures. Post protocol, on comparison between the two groups showed significant improvement in modified sit and reach test (p value= 0.0163), in Aerobic Dance group, whereas rest of the outcome measures did not show any significant improvement between the two groups comparatively. The findings suggest a significant improvement in flexibility, balance and cardiovascular endurance, pre and post protocol within both the groups. On comparing post protocol between the two groups, modified sit and reach test showed significant improvement in Aerobic Dance group suggesting it being more effective in improving flexibility, rest of the outcome measures did not show any significant improvement
ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND LEVEL OF MENTAL STRESS IN EXERCISING AND NON-EXERCISING INDIVIDUALS:
Co- Author: Disha Jagad
ABSTRACT:
Background: Exercise has become really important in everyone’s life. For living a healthy life it is important to have healthy body as well as healthy mind.
Objective of the study to compare and correlate level of physical fitness and level of mental stress in exercising and non-exercising individuals.
Methodology: 30 participants were taken, 15 in each group. Modified Harvard step test and perceived stress scale questionnaire was used to compare and correlate physical fitness and mental stress respectively.
Results showed higher physical fitness (p=0.0003) and lower mental stress level (p=0.0119) in exercising group and positive correlation between physical fitness and mental stress. (r=0.5349).
PHYSICAL FITNESS IN COMMUNITY DWELLING ELDERLY AND INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDERLY USING SENIOR FITNESS TEST (SFT)
Co- Authors: Naushin Qureshi, Annama Varghese
Background: Aging is a physiologic process that affects all of our body systems. It is characterized by a physiological decline in bodily functions. Physical fitness helps to maintain a good quality of life. Thus we need to study the effect of physical activity on one’s physical fitness. The main aim of our study was to compare physical fitness in community-dwelling elderly and institutionalized elderly using Senior Fitness Test (SFT). This test assessed strength, flexibility, balance and endurance. These components are frequently used in one’s daily activities and thus helpful to evaluate physical fitness. Since there is an increase in the number of elders becoming institutionalized, it is imperative to understand if there is a difference in demands on their bodily systems which will affect their fitness parameters, hence this study was undertaken. Methods: Two groups were selected (n=40) which included 20 individuals from the community and 20 from an institution. Their fitness level was evaluated using Senior Fitness Test (SFT) which had six components to assess upper body strength and upper body flexibility, lower body strength and lower body flexibility, 8 feet test, 6-minute walk test. Result: Comparison of SFT components was made by using unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Analysis of this study revealed significant difference in lower body strength (p value=0.0028), 8 feet test (p value=0.0205) and 6-minute walk test (p value=<0.0001) which was better in community-dwelling elderly than institutionalized elderly. Also, upper body flexibility (p-value = 0.4477) and lower body flexibility (p-value =0.0766) were better in community-dwelling elderly though was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The current study suggests that community-dwelling elderly have better lower body strength, dynamic balance and aerobic endurance in comparison to institutionalized elderly of the same age group. Thus, it can be said that staying in institutions, in a restricted environment with less amount of physical activity has a negative impact on one’s functional and physical
Aim: To study grip strength of dominant hand in various body postures in the age group of 20-50 years. Objectives: To measure and compare the grip strength of dominant hand in supine,sitting and standing positions in the age group of 20-50 years. Result: From the results of our study it can be concluded that standing with shoulder adducted and neutrally rotated with elbow flexed to 900 and forearm in supination with wrist extended can be recommended as the standard posture and position for measuring hand grip strength of Indian adults between the age group of 20-50 years
Evaluation Of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE): Physiotherapy Student’s Perception
Co- Author: Atul Deshkar
Context: Learning skill of physical diagnosis is critical part of physiotherapy curriculum. Measuring skill acquisition objectively is the essential first step in improving clinical competence.Need for innovation: Acquisition of skills of performing physical examination by undergraduate students ,which help in reaching correct diagnosis, is an important objective of curriculum designed for bachelor of physiotherapy course.Assessement of skill acquisition by students objectively, is an essential step in evaluation of improved clinical competence.Method: The ethical committee approval was obtained. Written consent obtained from students participated in the study. The Masters (observers) and bachelor students attended the OSCE training sessions and role play was enacted. There were 14 stations including 3 rest stations, 7 and 4 stations were observed and non-observed respectively. The performance of students is evaluated independently at each station, using checklist. Validated questionnaire feedback form was used for feedback both from students and observers.Lessons learnt: This programme has been a learning process for both master’s students and bachelor students as they strive to achieve better outcomes in the provision of higher quality education to students, and enhanced skills required for differential diagnosis to understand pathology better. An OSCE can be used as effective learning tool besides being assessment tool. [John S NJIRM 2014; 5(3):98-101]
Background: In the medical colleges where students are predominantly coming from tribal area, linguistic skills are one of the major problem in imparting medical education. Most of students coming to Chhattisgarh Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur are from vernacular medium till their higher secondary, learning and understanding medical physiology in English medium becomes one of the major hurdle for the students after joining medical education. The MCI is a statutory body that deals with the establishment of norms and standards for the Medical Education in India. These standards include the requisites for a proper infrastructure and other necessities for the smooth running of the undergraduate as well as the post graduate courses in Medicine. Couple of aspects that need to be crucially considered are medium of the instructions and changes in curriculum.. The present study was intended to evaluate the students perspectives for proposed change in curriculum by Vision 2015 and to prepare and propose a module to be followed for poor performer due to lack of linguistic skills . Inclusion of the module in medical English and terminology will be helpful in improving the performance of poor performers in university examination
CORRELATION BETWEEN TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE ENDURANCE AND LIMITS OF STABILITY IN ASYMPTOMATIC HEALTHY YOUNG WOMEN
Co- Author: Anoli Jobalia
Background: All tasks require postural control. The appropriateness and adequacy of postural tone in the trunk muscles referred to as “Core muscles” is the key element for the control of normal postural stability in an erect position. From among the core muscles (local and global), Transversus Abdominis muscle is controlled independently of the other trunk muscles and its activation is associated with postural demand. The study aims to assess the TrA muscle endurance and Limits of Stability (Maximum Excursion-MXE and Directional Control-DC) and to determine the correlation between the two parameters.
Methods: A Correlation study was performed on 100 asymptomatic healthy nulliparous urban women of 18-25 years’ age with Body Mass Index of 18.5- 27.9 kg/m². Participants performed two tests in random order; Prone Test for TrA muscle endurance using Pressure Biofeedback Unit and LOS Test using the NeuroCom Balance Manager®. The outcome measures were TrA endurance (Number of 10 seconds hold) and MXE (%) and DC (%) of the LOS test.
Results: Mean (mean ± SD) values were TrA endurance: 4.93 ± 3.31, Maximum Excursion (%): 92.8 ± 7.69 and Directional Control (%): 84.53 ± 3.17. Results showed a significant positive correlation between TrA endurance and MXE whereas no significant correlation was observed between TrA endurance and DC (Pearson’s correlation test; r=0.201 and r= -0.084, respectively at p<0.05).
Conclusion: Transversus Abdominis muscle endurance has a significant role in controlling the equilibrium (stability) component of the Postural Control but does not play a significant role in the orientation component.
Effect of static stretching Vs dynamic stretching on extensibility of trapezius muscle in patients with chronic neck pain
Co- Author: Anuradha Venkat
BACKGROUND: Neck pain is the most common problem in adults and a common musculoskeletal problem in people with sedentary jobs. In chronic neck pain the upper trapezius muscle is the most common muscle to be shortened, with a typical complaint of reduction in the lateral range of motion. Passive tension of the upper trapezius must be reduced to decrease the load on the cervical spine, improve neck motion and reduce painful neck movements. One recommended way to reduce this tension is by stretching to relieve neck pain, reducing the pressure pain threshold of the upper trapezius and increasing neck mobility. There are various studies comparing the effectiveness of static and dynamic stretching on muscle extensibility but none for trapezius muscle. The aim is to study the effect of static stretching versus dynamic stretching on trapezius muscle extensibility in patients with chronic neck pain.
METHODS: 30 Patients with moderate to severe neck pain for duration of 3 months or more were included in the study. They were informed about the study and written consent was obtained. They were divided into two groups: Group A –Static stretching (SS) and Group B – Dynamic stretching (DS). Duration of treatment was for 6 days (6sessions). Outcome measures at the start on the first day (pre) and after 6 days (post) treatment were documented. RESULTS: Both Group A and Group B showed statistically significant results post treatment.
CONCLUSION: Static stretching and dynamic stretching were found to be equally effective in the pain relief and improvement in range of motion in chronic neck pain patients.
An interventional study to assess the effect of Aerobic training on Physiological cost index in normal individuals at a tertiary care hospital, Mumbai
Co- Author: Karnik Roshni
Background:It is difficult to calculate oxygen consumption clinically due to expensive equipments required to measure it. Physiological cost index is one the indirect ways of calculate energy expenditure. Aim:To study the effect of aerobic training program on the physiological cost index (PCI) in normal healthy individuals.Study DesignThis was an intervention based study conducted on 20 students of K.J. Somaiya college of physiotherapy, Mumbai. DURATION: 4 weeks. Study Procedure:A sub maximal 6 minute walk test was performed and the distance walked, walking speed and vitals were recorded pre training and post training. The physiological cost index for each subject was calculated. All the 20 subjects underwent an aerobic training program in the form of aerobic cycling. Training was imparted 3 times a week, for 4 consecutive weeks. Statistical Analysis: Paired‘t’ test was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe average PCI value in normal healthy individuals, reduced from 0.37 beats/min to 0.30 beats/min, after 4 weeks of aerobic training, which was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). the average values of the difference in heart rates reduced from 34.1 beats/min to 28.1 beats/min. post 4 weeks of aerobic training, which was also found to be statistically significant (p value=0.05). The average value of difference in speed increased from 92.58 mts/min to 93.98 mts/min after 4 weeks of aerobic training, which was found to be statistically insignificant Conclusion: There is significant reduction in physiological cost index after 4 weeks of aerobic training in normal healthy individuals.
EFFECT OF NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON QUADRICEPS MUSCLE STRENGTH AND SIX MINUTE WALK DISTANCE IN SPUTUM NEGATIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Co- Author: Ayesha Shaikh
Background: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) leads to many physical impairements which can affect the daily physical tasks. Giving neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to quadriceps muscle can improve the functional status without causing fatigue and compromising oxygen status. The aim of the study was to study the effect of NMES on quadriceps muscle strength and six minute walk distance in Pulmonary tuberculosis. Method: This was an interventional based study conducted in K.J.Somaiya Medical Hospital. 26 patients suffering from pulmunary tuberculosis were taken in the study. Strength assessment of quadriceps muscle was assessed by 1RM and six minute walk distance was assessed by six minute walk test. NMES is given to quadriceps muscles bilaterally for continuous 10 sessions in 11 days. Result: Wilcoxon signed rank test, ‘t’ test and mann whitney test were done to analyse the data. There was significant increase in 1RM (1.808kgs->2.885kgs) and 6MWD (405.23m->493.65m) post NMES training. Conclusion: Therefore the study performed suggest that NMES training performed prior to endurance training is useful for strengthening peripheral muscles, which in turn may augment gains in body weight and improves quality of life, further reductions in ventilation requirements during exercise. Despite the ability to cure tuberculosis, there remains a significant impact on the patient’s health status in physical, psychological and social aspects. The study showed significant improvement by giving NMES in 6MWD and 1RM.
SUPERVISED EXERCISE VERSUS WORKOUT VIDEOS FOR WEIGHT REDUCTION IN ADULTS BETWEEN AGE GROUP OF 20-50 YEARS
Co- Author: Hiral J Shah
Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity are rising and they are associated with many medical complications and increased health care costs. In today’s lives, lots of ways are being tried to reduce weight. There are different forms of exercises which can either be performed under the supervision of exercise trainer (supervised exercise) or with the use of workout videos. Now a day’s lots of exercises are performed looking at DVD. The purpose of this study is to see whether supervised exercise or workout videos are effective for weight reduction. Materials and Methods: This was a randomised control trial conducted in K.J. Somaiya College of Physiotherapy. 30 individuals belonging to the inclusion criteria were randomly selected and divided into 2 groups of 15 each. Evaluation in terms of weight, girth measurements and fat percentage was taken. The exercise protocol for supervised exercise (live) and workout videos (DVD) was same and a DVD/CD was given to DVD group. The study duration was 4 days/ week for 4 weeks. Results: Weight loss from baseline to 4 weeks for supervised exercise and workout videos exercise was 1.53± 0.83 and 0.413± 0.5181 kg which was statistically significant (p< 0.0001) and (p< 0.0004) respectively. Similarly the reduction in waist girth post 4 weeks for group A and group B was 2.4± 0.9856 and 1.4± 0.6325 cm and in hip girth was 2.86± 1.506 and 1.16± 0.87 cm. The reduction in fat percentage in group A and group B was 1.58± 1.053 and 0.413± 0.5181. Conclusion: Individuals who participated in the 4 weeks exercise program achieved reduction in all outcome measures however supervised ( live) exercise program achieved greater results in weight, fat percentage, waist girth, hip girth and BMI as compared to workout videos( DVD exercise). Thus from the study can be concluded that there is reduction in weight in both the groups however Live exercises are better than DVD exercises for weight reduction
Glint 2020 